"The work of The Princes Foundation has been fundamental in defining legacy and establishing an initial set of principles. But inevitably, legacy is evolving, and as it expands, the principles have to adapt."
- Johnny Clayton - Carter Jonas
The concept of legacy in new communities was conceived and developed by The Prince’s Foundation (now The King’s Foundation) and first put into practice on the then Prince’s own land – initially at Poundbury and, more latterly, Nansledan and in a range of other projects throughout the UK.
Now, as its founder’s duties have expanded considerably, will the legacy movement continue to evolve, and how?
Johnny Clayton, head of Masterplanning at Carter Jonas and James Cordery, a Partner in Carter Jonas’ Oxford Development team, are both involved in projects for which the central objective is the concept of landowner legacy. Here, they consider its future direction and influence.
“Legacy has become an umbrella term,” explains James. “It touches on a variety of aspects relating to the delivery of development. What differentiates a ‘legacy’ scheme is a clearly defined core of objectives which help underscore quality. These can be wide-ranging – for example, achieving a high level of biodiversity net gain, community value and active travel.”
Another important characteristic of such schemes is that these principles are embedded early on. Johnny explains, “Because the impact of legacy is so integral to the sense of place and the quality of the scheme as a whole - especially the public realm – it is fundamental at the master planning stages.”
Many early legacy schemes took their objectives directly from guidance produced by The Princes Foundation. But landowners’ objectives are inevitably diverse, and so too are the opportunities and limitations within any one legacy-inspired development. Consequently, Carter Jonas works with landowners to create a bespoke set of objectives for each scheme.
“For the last twenty years, much of my work has been what would be referred to as ‘legacy’ schemes,” says Johnny. “Earlier on, they tended to be major regeneration schemes on land owned by landed estates in major UK cities, including London and Birmingham. But more recently, this has extended geographically.”
So, how is legacy embedded in this instance? “There’s a focus on quality in the very early stages,” says Johnny. “At the master planning stage, we have provided substantial detail on the townscape and the way in which vernacular styles of architecture are maintained on the new development. There has also been a greater focus than usual on how appropriate levels of density can be achieved.”
Throughout the process, Johnny’s team works closely with the landowner, land promotor and developer. In many cases, the landowner will continue to be involved as the leaseholder so will remain responsible for the maintenance of the new community.
James’ work in the context of legacy has been both as a valuer as and as an agent. As such, he sees the application of legacy principles from the point of view of the landowner.
“The legacy approach enables the landowner to create a development, often on their own doorstep, which they are proud of, and which is an investment in the local community,” he explains, “But added to that, legacy-inspired schemes provide added value. The financial return may be delayed because of the detail that’s required at an early stage, but ultimately, a higher quality scheme will be created, and this will invariably attract a higher price.
“It’s also a facilitator. I’m currently working with a private landowner who is looking to maximise value from a site, but it’s constrained by the fact that it’s located within an AONB. Often, a scheme in this location wouldn’t get planning consent, but the chances will be substantially increased by the development being community-led and design-led. From a completely cynical point of view, legacy can be used as risk mitigation.
“Similarly, in my work with St Modwen in Wantage, I’ve seen how increased value invested in placemaking from the early stages of development has been fundamental to increased profit – both for the landowner and the developer.”
The preconceived idea of legacy-led schemes tends to be one of tradition – something that has (specifically in the context of Poundbury) been criticised as pastiche. But St Modwen’s work dispels that image: these are modern homes in a modern context. What differentiates them from other new developments is the quality, not only of placemaking but of design and materials.
But communities such as these are unquestionably the product of the ideas that led to Poundbury and other early examples.
“The work of The Princes Foundation has been fundamental in defining legacy and establishing an initial set of principles,” says Johnny. “But inevitably, legacy is evolving, and as it expands, the principles have to adapt.
“Many developers have benefited from the site-specific design and building manual which was created for Poundbury, but its starting point was a very thorough assessment of the existing location, which the new development took inspiration from. That only really works on a scheme attached to an existing historic town or village.”
It is clear that schemes established on legacy principles invariably deliver quality schemes. But is this the direction in which all new developments are heading? James and Johnny agree that the legacy movement is growing in popularity, and increasingly so as schemes such as Winterbourne Fields come to fruition.
